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Jakarta is sinking up to 17 cm (6.7 inches) per year, which, coupled with the rising of sea levels, has made the city more prone to flooding. Jakarta's primary challenges include rapid urban growth, ecological breakdown, gridlocked traffic, congestion, and flooding. In 2017, the city's GRP PPP was estimated at US$483.4 billion. Jakarta is an alpha world city and is the seat of the ASEAN secretariat, Financial institutions such as the Bank of Indonesia, Indonesia Stock Exchange, and corporate headquarters of numerous Indonesian companies and multinational corporations are located in the city. As a province, its government consists of five administrative cities and one administrative regency. Jakarta was officially a city within West Java until 1960, when its official status was changed to a province with special capital region distinction. At one time, it was the de facto capital of the Dutch East Indies, when it was known as Batavia.
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Established in the fourth century as Sunda Kelapa, the city became an important trading port for the Sunda Kingdom. Jakarta is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Southeast Asia. Jakarta's business opportunities, and its ability to offer a potentially higher standard of living than is available in other parts of the country, have attracted migrants from across the Indonesian archipelago, making it a melting pot of numerous cultures. Jakarta ranks first among the Indonesian provinces in human development index. Although Jakarta extends over only 664.01 square kilometres (256.38 sq mi), and thus has the smallest area of any Indonesian province, its metropolitan area covers 9,957.08 square kilometres (3,844.45 sq mi), which includes the satellite cities Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, South Tangerang, and Bekasi, and has an estimated population of 35 million as of 2021, making it the largest urban area in Indonesia and the second-largest in the world (after Tokyo).
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It has a province level status which has a population of 10,562,088 as of 2020.
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The city is the centre of the economy, culture, and politics of Indonesia. Lying on the northwest coast of Java, the world's most populous island, Jakarta is the largest city in Southeast Asia and serves as the diplomatic capital of ASEAN. Jakarta ( / dʒ ə ˈ k ɑːr t ə/ Indonesian pronunciation: ( listen)), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta ( Indonesian: Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta), is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. The occurrence of these symptoms is caused by: (1) the demands of work, (2) living with multilingual migrants, and (3) linguistic prestige.Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport ( HLP) This conditions is far below the number of Javanese-speaking migrants who reached 41 percent and 31 percent of Sundanese. The majority of migrants in Jakarta mostly use Indonesian for daily communication, which reaches 84.68 percent, and Javanese is used by 7.54 percent and third place in Sundanese is used by 3.96 percent. The results showed that the population of Indonesia was dominated by speakers of Javanese and Sundanese languages which were 40.44 percent and 15.06 percent respectively, and only 11.93 percent were Indonesian's mother tongue. The data collection of this study uses the referral method that was developed with the technique of noting and analyzing data using descriptive statistical analysis. This study aims: (1) to explain the number of Indonesian speakers nationally and according to ethnicity in Jakarta Province and (2) explaining the composition of migrants in Jakarta based on daily language or mother tongue. The focus of this study is the use of Indonesian (BI) by migrants as a colloquial language in the Province of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta based on 1971 Population Census data. This research is a linguistic demographic research.